C++11 并发指南六(atomic 类型详解三 std::atomic (续))
2013-09-06 11:22
Haippy
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C++11 并发指南六( <atomic> 类型详解二 std::atomic ) 介绍了基本的原子类型 std::atomic 的用法,本节我会给大家介绍C++11 标准库中的 std::atomic 针对整形(integral)和指针类型的特化版本做了哪些改进。
总地来说,C++11 标准库中的 std::atomic 针对整形(integral)和指针类型的特化版本新增了一些算术运算和逻辑运算操作。具体如下:
integral fetch_add(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile ; integral fetch_add(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst); integral fetch_sub(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile ; integral fetch_sub(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst); integral fetch_and(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile ; integral fetch_and(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst); integral fetch_or(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile ; integral fetch_or(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst); integral fetch_xor(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile ; integral fetch_xor(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst); integral operator++( int ) volatile ; integral operator++( int ); integral operator--( int ) volatile ; integral operator--( int ); integral operator++() volatile ; integral operator++(); integral operator--() volatile ; integral operator--(); integral operator+=(integral) volatile ; integral operator+=(integral); integral operator-=(integral) volatile ; integral operator-=(integral); integral operator&=(integral) volatile ; integral operator&=(integral); integral operator|=(integral) volatile ; integral operator|=(integral); integral operator^=(integral) volatile ; integral operator^=(integral); |
下面我们来简单介绍以上的 std::atomic 特化版本的成员函数。
fetch_add
if T is integral (1) |
T fetch_add (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept; T fetch_add (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept; |
---|---|
if T is pointer (2) |
T fetch_add (ptrdiff_t val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept; T fetch_add (ptrdiff_t val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept; |
将原子对象的封装值加 val,并返回原子对象的旧值(适用于整形和指针类型的 std::atomic 特化版本),整个过程是原子的。sync 参数指定内存序:
Memory Order 值 | Memory Order 类型 |
---|---|
memory_order_relaxed | Relaxed |
memory_order_consume | Consume |
memory_order_acquire | Acquire |
memory_order_release | Release |
memory_order_acq_rel | Acquire/Release |
memory_order_seq_cst | Sequentially consistent |
另外,如果第二个参数不指定(取默认参数 memory_order_seq_cst),则 fetch_add 相当与 std::atomic::operator+=。fetch_sub
if T is integral (1) |
T fetch_sub (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept; T fetch_sub (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept; |
---|---|
if T is pointer (2) |
T fetch_sub (ptrdiff_t val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept; T fetch_sub (ptrdiff_t val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept; |
将原子对象的封装值减 val,并返回原子对象的旧值(适用于整形和指针类型的 std::atomic 特化版本),整个过程是原子的。sync 参数指定内存序:
Memory Order 值 | Memory Order 类型 |
---|---|
memory_order_relaxed | Relaxed |
memory_order_consume | Consume |
memory_order_acquire | Acquire |
memory_order_release | Release |
memory_order_acq_rel | Acquire/Release |
memory_order_seq_cst | Sequentially consistent |
另外,如果第二个参数不指定(取默认参数 memory_order_seq_cst),则 fetch_sub 相当与 std::atomic::operator-=。fetch_and
T fetch_and (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept ; T fetch_and (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept ; |
将原子对象的封装值按位与 val,并返回原子对象的旧值(只适用于整型的 std::atomic 特化版本),整个过程是原子的。sync 参数指定内存序:
Memory Order 值 | Memory Order 类型 |
---|---|
memory_order_relaxed | Relaxed |
memory_order_consume | Consume |
memory_order_acquire | Acquire |
memory_order_release | Release |
memory_order_acq_rel | Acquire/Release |
memory_order_seq_cst | Sequentially consistent |
另外,如果第二个参数不指定(取默认参数 memory_order_seq_cst),则 fetch_add 相当与 std::atomic::operator&=。fetch_or
T fetch_or (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept ; T fetch_or (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept ; |
将原子对象的封装值按位或 val,并返回原子对象的旧值(只适用于整型的 std::atomic 特化版本),整个过程是原子的。sync 参数指定内存序:
Memory Order 值 | Memory Order 类型 |
---|---|
memory_order_relaxed | Relaxed |
memory_order_consume | Consume |
memory_order_acquire | Acquire |
memory_order_release | Release |
memory_order_acq_rel | Acquire/Release |
memory_order_seq_cst | Sequentially consistent |
另外,如果第二个参数不指定(取默认参数 memory_order_seq_cst),则 fetch_or 相当与 std::atomic::operator|=。fetch_xor
T fetch_xor (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept ; T fetch_xor (T val, memory_order sync = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept ; |
将原子对象的封装值按位异或 val,并返回原子对象的旧值(只适用于整型的 std::atomic 特化版本),整个过程是原子的。sync 参数指定内存序:
Memory Order 值 | Memory Order 类型 |
---|---|
memory_order_relaxed | Relaxed |
memory_order_consume | Consume |
memory_order_acquire | Acquire |
memory_order_release | Release |
memory_order_acq_rel | Acquire/Release |
memory_order_seq_cst | Sequentially consistent |
另外,如果第二个参数不指定(取默认参数 memory_order_seq_cst),则 fetch_xor 相当与 std::atomic::operator^=。operator++
pre-increment (1) |
T operator++() volatile noexcept; T operator++() noexcept; |
---|---|
post-increment (2) |
T operator++ (int) volatile noexcept; T operator++ (int) noexcept; |
自增运算符重载, 第一种形式 (1) 返回自增后的值(即前缀++),第二种形式(2) 返回自增前的值(即后缀++),适用于整形和指针类型的 std::atomic 特化版本。operator–自减运算符重载, 第一种形式 (1) 返回自减后的值(即前缀–),第二种形式(2) 返回自减前的值(即后缀–),适用于整形和指针类型的 std::atomic 特化版本。atomic::operator (comp. assign.)复合赋值运算符重载,主要包含以下形式:
if T is integral (1) |
T operator+= (T val) volatile noexcept; T operator+= (T val) noexcept; T operator-= (T val) volatile noexcept; T operator-= (T val) noexcept; T operator&= (T val) volatile noexcept; T operator&= (T val) noexcept; T operator|= (T val) volatile noexcept; T operator|= (T val) noexcept; T operator^= (T val) volatile noexcept; T operator^= (T val) noexcept; |
---|---|
if T is pointer (2) |
T operator+= (ptrdiff_t val) volatile noexcept; T operator+= (ptrdiff_t val) noexcept; T operator-= (ptrdiff_t val) volatile noexcept; T operator-= (ptrdiff_t val) noexcept; |
以上各个 operator 都会有对应的 fetch_* 操作,详细见下表:
操作符 | 成员函数 | 支持类型 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
复合赋值 | 等价于 | 整型 | 指针类型 | 其他类型 | |
+ |
atomic::operator+= | atomic::fetch_add | 是 | 是 | 否 |
- |
atomic::operator-= | atomic::fetch_sub | 是 | 是 | 否 |
& |
atomic::operator&= | atomic::fetch_and | 是 | 否 | 否 |
| |
atomic::operator|= | atomic::fetch_or | 是 | 否 | 否 |
^ |
atomic::operator^= | atomic::fetch_xor | 是 | 否 | 否 |
好了,本节先介绍这里,下一节我会介绍 C++11 中 C 风格的原子操作 API。
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